Технологии

Теплица-землянка для круглогодичного садоводства за 300$

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24.10.2013
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Садоводы для продления вегетационного периода или выращивания урожая в холодное время года обычно используют теплицы, которые представляют собой остекленные каркасы. Эти теплицы довольно дороги сами по себе и затратны в поддержании необходимой температуры в холодную погоду. Гораздо более доступной и эффективной альтернативой стеклянной теплице является подземная теплица или теплица-яма, теплица-землянка.

Первая подземная теплица была создана более 20 лет назад для холодных горных районов Южной Америки. Это довольно интересная установка, которая сочетает в себе принципы пассивного солнечного отопления и защиты от холода при помощи грунта. Использование таких технологий позволяет производителям поддерживать круглогодичную продуктивность своего хозяйства, даже в местах с холодным климатом. В статье по ссылке можно найти инструкцию по постройке небольшой подземной теплицы.

В видео объясняется как можно построить подобную теплицу.
 

В следующем видео показана теплица-землянка, построенная в США. Но, к сожалению, видео на английском языке.

 

 

Рекомендации американских ученых по постройке теплицы-землянки

Ученые из американского сельскохозяйственного некоммерческого института Бенсона дают рекомендации по постройке теплицы, подобные тем, которые уже приводились в видео. Они называют такую постройку Walipini, что на языке индейцев аймара означает «теплое место».

Для круглогодичного выращивания овощей и обеспечения тепла, освещения и стабильности остальных условий в теплице используются природные ресурсы. Для создания землянки необходимо, чтобы дневной свет улавливался и сохранялся, а используемая под растения область находится на глубине 1,8 — 2,4 м.

В простейшем виде Walipini представляет собой прямоугольное отверстие в земле глубиной 1,8 — 2,4 м (6-8 футов), покрытое пластиковой пленкой. Более длинная сторона прямоугольника обращена к солнцу - на север в Южном полушарии и к югу в Северном полушарии. В задней части здания делается толстая, высокая стена из утрамбованной земли, а на фронтальной части здания стена делается более низкая. Это обеспечивает необходимый угол для крыши из пластиковых листов. Крыша герметизирует отверстие в земле, создает изолирующее воздушное пространство между двумя слоями пластика (между верхними листами и нижними листами) и позволяет проникать солнечным лучам, это обеспечивает тепло и стабильные условия для роста растений.

Защищенные землей системы подземной теплицы требуют намного меньше энергии на обогрев, чем в надземных теплицах. Конечно, при возведении такой теплицы необходимо учитывать гидроизоляцию, дренаж и вентиляцию, что подробно описано в руководстве по возведению walipini.

Как утверждают ученые из института Бенсона, теплица 6 м на 22 м обошлась им приблизительно в 250 $- 300 $, но это без учета стоимости самой работы, поскольку она выполнялась хозяевами теплицы и их соседями. Также для создания теплицы использовались недорогие материалы, таких как пластиковые панели с защитной пленкой и трубы из ПВХ.

Дешево и сердито, подземные теплицы могут стать отличным способом для выращивания продуктов питания в течении всего года даже в таком климате, как у нас в России.

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